Ali Abdullah Saleh’s base of support was damaged when a number of the country’s most powerful tribal and military leaders aligned themselves with the pro-democracy protesters calling for him to step down. In Yemen, where the first protests appeared in late January 2011, Pres. Unlike in Tunisia and Egypt, however, the outpouring of popular discontent in these countries led to bloody-and often protracted-struggles between opposition groups and ruling regimes. Events in other countriesĮncouraged by protesters’ rapid successes in Tunisia and Egypt, protest movements took hold in Yemen, Bahrain, Libya, and Syria in late January, February, and March 2011. The military enjoyed high public approval in the interim before a new government, but its apparent prioritization of stability over democratic transition at times dampened optimism. Having lost the support of the military, Mubarak left office on February 11 after nearly 30 years, ceding power to a council of senior military officers. After several days of massive demonstrations and clashes between protesters and security forces in Cairo and around the country, a turning point came at the end of the month when the Egyptian army announced that it would refuse to use force against protesters calling for the removal of Pres. The Egyptian government also tried and failed to control protests by offering concessions while cracking down violently against protesters. Inspired by Ben Ali’s ouster in Tunisia, similar protests were quickly organized among young Egyptians through social media ( see Wael Ghonim), bringing out massive crowds across Egypt on January 25. In October–November 2019, Tunisia became the first country of the Arab Spring protests to undergo a peaceful transfer of power from one democratically elected government to another.Īrab Spring: Egypt's January 25 Revolution A democratically chosen president and prime minister took office in December 2011, and a new constitution was promulgated in January 2014. In October 2011, Tunisians participated in a free election to choose members of a council tasked with drafting a new constitution. Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali to step down and flee the country on January 14, 2011. However, protests soon overwhelmed the country’s security forces, compelling Pres. The Tunisian government attempted to end the unrest by using violence against street demonstrations and by offering political and economic concessions. A protest movement, dubbed the “Jasmine Revolution” in the media, quickly spread through the country. The first demonstrations took place in central Tunisia in December 2010, catalyzed by the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26-year-old street vendor protesting his treatment by local officials. For detailed coverage of the Arab Spring in individual countries, see Jasmine Revolution (Tunisia), Egypt Uprising of 2011, Yemen Uprising of 2011–12, Libya Revolt of 2011, and Syrian Civil War. Not every country saw success in the protest movement, however, and demonstrators expressing their political and economic grievances were often met with violent crackdowns by their countries’ security forces. The wave began when protests in Tunisia and Egypt toppled their regimes in quick succession, inspiring similar attempts in other Arab countries. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!Īrab Spring, wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that took place in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 20, challenging some of the region’s entrenched authoritarian regimes. Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.
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